TCP/IP
What do we need to move information from one place to another on the world wide internet?
1. The address of the computer receiving the information.
2. A system of binary electron, photon, and wireless bit stream transmission .
TCP stands for
Transmission Control Protocol- Which is used for transmission of packets
over the internet. IP stands for Internet Protocol Packets and
Address -Which is used to give each and every node on the Internet a unique
address.
94534-4000 is a USPO zip code. An IP address is like a zip code for a
single family dwelling.
94534-4000 is the unique USPO zip code
of 4408 Oakridge Dr. Fairfield, California. 
Only this house in the entire United States has this zip code.
An IP address is a international system
which provides a unique address for each node. A node can be a computer,
scanner, printer, digitizer, or any other device that is hook up to the
internet.
An IP address is composed of 32 bits, often shown as a series of four numbers of 2 to the 8th separated by periods. IP addresses can run from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. WWW.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2002/IPaddressing.asp will provide an in-depth discussion IP addressing. 176.16.1.2 is a valid IP address.
The current IP addressing allows 4,228,250,625 possible unique addresses on the Internet. Due to the explosive growth another 2 to the 8th place position has been added which will make possible 1,078,203,909,375 unique addresses on the Internet. Additionally another 2 to the 8th position has been allocated for extra terrestrial sites such as the space station and future planetary bases making possible 274,941,996,890,625.
Because we are not trained to think in numeric terms of 4 place positions of 2 to the 8th the Internet Architecture Board developed a registration process which pairs an name with the IP address.
A Domain Name is a unique name that identifies an IP address on the internet. Not all IP address have a domain name, only those that have been registered.
Solano.edu is the domain name for Solano Community College's web site. 176.16.1.2 is the IP address.
Domain names are portable - IP address are tied to the network that they are a part of.
For example, the zip code 94534-4000 refers to a specific house (node) in Fairfield. John Q. Doe (domain name) when he moves from 94534-4000 will go to the post office and put in a change of address card and will continue to use his domain name (John Q. Doe) at the new zip code (IP).
The zip code (IP) is fixed at the address in Fairfield and cannot be changed or used at another address. The domain name (John Q. Doe) is portable.
If your workstation is tied to the internet
through a LAN you can look at your current IP address and the domain name of
the server that you are using by doing the following:
1. Left Click on Start
2. Left Click on Settings
3. Left Click on Control Panel
Your will see:
4. Double Left Click on Network Icon.
Your will see:
5. Left Click on TCP/IP
6. Left Click on Properties
You will See:
Now left click on the DNS configuration Tab
You will see:
Or if you are
using a modem left click start, left click run, type in winipcfg and click OK.
You will see:
You will see:
An Unique IP address of 4 place positions
of 2 to the 8th is assigned to each node on the Internet. Additionally a
node may have a domain name which follows IP naming protocol. The domain name
is portable but the IP address is fixed. IP addresses are assigned by
the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC). Domain Names can be
registered at www.networksolutions.org.
Now that we know the
addressing system how is the binary bit stream packet sent.
An IP packet has a minimum length of 576 bytes and a maximum length of 64 Kbytes. The packet has the IP Address of the sender, the receiver, the sequence of the packet of the number of packets being sent and the JOB ID No. The packet is then placed in an bit stream envelope which contain the TCP instructions
If you had a file that was 2 MBytes long and the hardware that connected to the network only supported 50 KByte packets then it would take 40 packets to send the message.Header of the packet contains the following
information:
To:206.184.13.44
From:185.34.56.213
Job ID: 123456
Packet 1 of 40
This is followed by the Data
And then followed by the Terminus.
| Header: TO: 123.123.123.123 From: 124.124.124.124 Job Id: 123456789 Sequence: 1 of 20 |
Data up to 64 K Bytes | Terminus - end of packet |
Transmission Control Protocol-
connection-oriented, reliable.
1. TCP first Pings the site that the message is
going to and gets an acknowledgement back from the site that it is ready to
receive a packet. At the same
time TCP determines the largest packet that can be sent over the connection.
The packet is sent.
2. Acknowledgements of receipt of packets by
the receiving site is then done.
3. TCP then determines if retransmission of the
packet is required.
4. TCP then puts the packets in the proper
sequence if required.